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Native American History Timeline


The famous people and events during the Native American History
The early cultures such as Woodland Clovis and Folsom Cultures
The impact of the Europeans
The Indian Wars and the famous battles, chiefs and leaders
Events of significance in Native American History

Indian Wars Timeline

Native American History Timeline

  • Interesting Information via the West Virginia State History Timeline - Chronology of this American state at a glance
  • Chronology of Key Names, Key Dates, Key People and Key Events of this American State in the Native American History Timeline

15,000 B.C.

 

Paleo-Indian Era (Stone Age)
Hunter gatherer groups inhabit North America

12000 BC

 

Migrants arrive in the United States of America

9000 BC

 

Clovis Culture (named because of artefacts found at Blackwater Draw, Clovis, New Mexico

7500 BC

 

Folsom Culture (named after artefacts found at Folsom, New Mexico

7500 BC

 

Eastern Woodland Culture begins

4000 BC

 

Copper culture begins along the Great Lakes

2000 BC

 

Pecos Culture begins producing rock paintings

1100 BC

 

Anasazi build cliff cities at Mesa Verde, Colorado

1700 BC

 

Mound Builders culture

250 BC

 

Bow and arrow weapon introduced

1000 AD

 

Woodland Culture Period:
Adena Culture
Hopewell culture

1000

 

Mississippian Culture established - Cahokia is the capital

1492

 

Christopher Columbus discovers America

1500

 

The Europeans brought diseases such as typhoid, yellow fever, smallpox, measles and influenza to the indigenous population. Their numbers fell from 80 million to less than 1 million in less than 500 years

1513

 

Alonzo de Pineda explores gulf Coast of America (Florida area) and encounters Calusa Indians

1524

 

Giovanni Verrazano discovers New York Bay

1528

 

Panfilo de Narvaez conquers Cuba and explores Florida and Alvar Cabeza de Vaca explores Texas, Arizona and New Mexico

1534

 

:Jacques Cartier explores the Great Lakes and the the St. Lawrence River encountering the Native Americans of the region

1539

 

Hernando de Soto explores south-eastern North America defeating resistance from Timucuan warriors, leading to the Napituca Massacre.

1540

 

Francisco Vázquez de Coronado explores south-western North America and Mexico defeating Zuni Pueblo Indians. Later involved with fighting the Choctaws

1541

 

Francisco Vásquez de Coronado explores Kansas and New Mexico which led to the Tiguex War

1542

 

Cabrillo explores and discovers the Californian coast and the Californian Indians

1559

 

Tristan de Luna explores North America

1563

 

Francisco de Ibarra explores New Mexico

1576

 

Sir Martin Frobisher explores Baffin Bay and the Hudson Strait

1584

 

Philip Amadas and Arthur Barlowe (both in the service of Sir Walter Raleigh) explore the coast of North Carolina

1585

 

Walter Raleigh receives the patent to explore and settle in North America. Walter Raleigh's fleet of seven vessels under Richard Grenville and Ralph Lane, with 108 men, reach Roanoke Island and the Virginia colony of Roanoke Island established

1598

 

Juan de Archuleta explores Colorado

1607

 

Captain John Smith explorer and founder of Jamestown

1609

 

Henry Hudson explores North eastern North America including the Hudson River

1620

 

Pocahontas marries John Rolfe

1614

 

The Mayflower arrived at Plymouth to found first colony in New England

1622

 

1622-1624 The Powhatan Confederacy in Virginia between colonists and Native Indian Americans
First Indian uprising in an English colony (Virginia).

1637

 

The First Reservations were established by Puritans near New Haven, Connecticut

1638

 

The Pequot War - The Pequots were defeated by the colonists led by John Underhill and John Mason allied with the Narragansetts and Mohegans.

1640

 

1640 - 1701 - The Beaver Wars, also known as the Iroquois Wars or the French and Iroquois Wars

1655

 

1655 - The Peach Tree War, The Susquehannock Nation and allied Native Americans on ssettlements around New Amsterdam

1675

 

1675 - 1677 King Philip's War so named after Metacomet of the Wampanoag tribe, who was called Philip by the English.

1680

 

1680-1692: The Pueblo Revolt occurred in New Mexico and Arizona between the Tuscarora Native Americans and the Spanish.

1689

 

1689 - 1763 The French and Indian War between France and Great Britain for the lands in the New World. The Iroquois Indians were allied to the French and the Algoquian tribes were alliedt o the British

1711

 

1711-1713: The Tuscarora War between the Tuscarora Native Americans and European settlers in Northern Carolina. The Tuscarora were defeated

1715

 

The Yamasee War - The Yamasee against the white settlements in South Carolina

1722

 

Iroquois surrender claims to land south of the Ohio River in addition to counties in the eastern panhandle

1756

 

1756 - 1763: The Seven Years War (French and Indian War) due to disputes over land is won by Great Britain. France gives England all French territory east of the Mississippi River, except New Orleans. The Spanish give up east and west Florida to the English in return for Cuba.

1763

 

Treaty of Paris ends French and Indian War (1754-1763)

1764

 

Pontiac's Rebellion in the Ohio River Valley. The Ottawa Chief Pontiac (1720-1769) led a rebellion against the British

1774

 

December 16: The Boston Tea Party - Massachusetts patriots dressed as Mohawk Indians protest against the British Tea Act by dumping crates of tea into Boston Harbor.

1775

 

Lord Dunmore's War in Southern Ohio in which Lord Dunmore, the Governor of Virginia sent 3000 solders who defeated the 1000 Native Indians

1776

 

Chickamauga Wars (1776–1794) Cherokee involvement in the American Revolutionary War and continuing through late 1794

1785

 

Northwest Indian War (1785–1795) in Indiana and Ohio. The Americans suffered 2 humiliating defeats by the Native Indians until they won the Battle of Fallen Timbers

1811

 

Tecumseh's War - Battle of Tippecanoe (1811–1813). The Prophet, brother of Shawnee chief Tecumseh, attacked Indiana Territory but was defeated by the troops of William Henry Harrison

1811

 

Creek War (1813–1814) erupted in Alabama and Georgia. The Creek Indians were defeated by American forces led by Andrew Jackson

1813

 

Peoria War (1813) was conflict between the U. S. Army, settlers and the Native American tribes of the Potawatomi and the Kickapoo tribes in Illinois.

1812

 

War of 1812 begins.

1817

 

First Seminole War (1817–1818) erupted in Florida as the Seminole Indian tribe defended their lands and runaway slaves

1827

 

Winnebago War (1827) in Wisconsin between the settlers and lead miners who were trespassing on their land and the Winnebago tribe.

1832

 

Black Hawk War occurred in Northern Illinois and Southwestern Wisconsin by Sauk and Fox tribes led by Chief Black Hawk in an attempt to re-take their homeland
Department of Indian Affairs was established

1835

 

Creek Alabama Uprising (1835–1837) in Alabama and Georgia. It resulted in a defeat for the Creek forces and the removal of the Creek people from their native lands to the Indian Territory in present-day Oklahoma.

1835

 

Second Seminole War (1835–1842) in the Florida everglade area. Under Chief Osceola

1837

 

Osage Indian War (1837) with the Osage Indians in Missouri.

1838

 

The Cherokee were the last of the Five Civilised Tribes (Cherokee, Choctaw, Creek, Seminal and Chickasaw) to take the enforced march on the tragic
Trail of Tears

1849

 

1846 - 1863 The Navajo conflicts in New Mexico and Arizona

1854

 

1854 - 1890 The Sioux Wars in South Dakota, Minnesota and Wyoming led by Crazy Horse and Sitting Bull

1855

 

1855 - 1856 Rogue River War in Oregon. Indian tribes were attacked in an attempt to start a war that would enable unemployed miners to work. Survivors were forced on to reservations

1855

 

Third Seminole War (1855–1858) in the Florida everglade area. The Seminole led by Chief Billy Bowleg made their last stand

1862

 

U.S. Congress passes Homestead Act opening the Great Plains to settlers

1861

 

1861 - 1900 Apache Wars in Arizona, New Mexico and Texas led by Geronimo and Cochise. Geronimo surrendered in 1886 but others carried on the fight until 1900

1865

 

1865 - 1869 Building of Union Pacific Railroad brings settlers to the Great Plains

1865

 

1865 1868 and in 1879: Ute Wars broke out in Utah due to Mormon settlers taking over their lands

1872

 

1872 - 1873 Madoc War in California and Oregon led by Captain Jack

1874

 

Red River War in Northern Texas against the Arapaho, Comanche, Cheyenne and Kiowa tribes,

1876

 

Battle of the Rosebud in Montana. Lakota Sioux and Cheyenne under Crazy Horse cut off reinforcements intended to help Custer at the Battle of the Little Bighorn.

1877

 

Nez Perce War in Oregon, Montana and Idaho led by Chief Joseph

1887

 

Dawes General Allotment Act passed by Congress leads to the break up of the large Indian Reservations and the sale of Indian lands to white settlers

1890

 

1890 The Wounded Knee Massacre in South Dakota. Chief Big Foot led the last stand of  Sioux

1907

 

Charles Curtis is the first American Indian elected to the U.S. Senate

1969

 

All Indians declared citizens of U.S.

1969

 

American Indian Movement (AIM)

1979

 

American Indian Religious Freedom Act (Public Law 95-341 ) passed

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