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61AD |
Boadicea leads the Iceni but defeated by the Romans |
122 |
122 - 128 Emperor Hadrian orders the building of Hadrians wall on the Border between Scotland and England |
486 |
486 - 870 The Dark Ages are dominated by increasing English trade links with the continent and raids from the German Saxons and the Vikings. The English inhabitants were referred to as the Anglo-Saxons and ruled by different tribes and rulers |
871 |
871-899 King Alfred the Great starts the Wessex line of Kings of England |
899 |
899-924 Edward the Elder (son of Alfred) |
924 |
924-939 Aethelstan (first son of Edward the Elder) |
939 |
939-946 Edmund I (second son of Edward the Elder) |
946 |
946-955 Eadred (third son of Edward the Elder) |
955 |
955-959 Edwig (first son of Edmund I) |
959 |
959-975 Edgar (second son of Edmund I) |
975 |
975-978 Edward the Martyr (first son of Edgar) |
978 |
978-1016 Ethelred the Unready (second son of Edgar) |
1016 |
Edmund Ironside takes the crown but assassinated I month later |
1016 |
1016-1035 - Danish under King Canute rule England |
1042 |
House of Wessex is Restored under Edward, the Confessor (1042-1066) |
1066 |
Harold Godwinson claims the crown |
1066 |
1066 - The Battle of Hastings - William, Duke of Normandy crowned King of England (William I). Between 1066-1087 the Norman line rule the English |
1086 |
Compilation of the Doomsday book |
1087 |
1087-1100 The reign of King William Rufus (son of William). William invades Wales and builds castles on the borders |
1100 |
1100-1135 The reign of King Henry I (William Rufus brother) |
1135 |
1135-1154 The reign of King Stephen (nephew of Henry I) |
1099 |
First Crusade. Jerusalem is re-taken from the Muslims on the urging of Pope Urban II |
1118 |
The Knights Templar founded to protect Jerusalem and European pilgrims on their journey to the city |
1147 |
Second Crusade |
1154 |
1154 - 1399 - The Plantagenet Kings of England (Angevin Line). 1154-1189 The reign of King Henry II (grandson of Henry I) |
1170 |
Thomas Becket is murdered in Canterbury Cathedral |
1189 |
1189-1199 The reign of King Richard I ( Richard the Lionheart (third son of Henry II) |
1190 |
Third Crusade. Saladin manages to unite the Muslim world and recapture Jerusalem, sparking the Third Crusade |
1199 |
1199-1216 The reign of King John (fifth son of Henry II and brother of King Richard) |
1200 |
Fourth Crusade |
1214 |
1214 -1215: Barons revolt |
1215 |
Magna Carta is signed |
1216 |
1216-1272 The reign of King Henry III (son of John) |
1258 |
Provisions of Oxford forced upon Henry III of England, establishing a new form of government limited regal authority |
1272 |
1272-1307 The reign of King Edward I (son of Henry III) |
1297 |
William Wallace emerges as the leader of the Scottish resistance to England |
1307 |
1307-1327 The reign of King Edward II (son of Edward I) |
1307 |
The Knights Templar are rounded up and murdered by Philip the Fair of France, with the backing of the Pope |
1311 |
1311-1315: The Great Famine |
1327 |
1327-1377 The reign of King Edward III (son of Edward II) |
1337 |
The Hundred Years War begins. England and France struggle for dominance of Western Europe |
1346 |
The Battle of Crecy |
1347 |
The Black Death ravages Europe for the first of many times. An estimated one third of the population is thought to have perished within the first year |
1356 |
Battle of Poitiers |
1377 |
1377-1399 The reign of King Richard II (grandson of Edward III, son of the Black Prince) |
1380 |
Geoffrey Chaucer begins to write the Canterbury Tales |
1381 |
Peasants Revolt |
1382 |
The Bible is translated into English by John Wycliffe |
1399 |
John of Gaunt dies and King Richard seized his lands. Gaunt's son, Henry Bolingbroke invaded England, whilst Richard was on campaign in Ireland, usurping the throne from the king |
1399 |
October: King Richard II was condemned as a tyrant. He renounced the crown and Henry IV was proclaimed King the next day |
1399 |
1399-1413 The reign of King Henry IV (grandson of Edward III, son of John of Gaunt) Henry IV died suffering from leprosy and epilepsy |
1413 |
1413-1422 The reign of King Henry V (son of Henry IV). |
1415 |
Battle of Agincourt |
1422 |
1422-1461 The reign of King Henry VI (son of Henry V) |
1429 |
Joan of Arc lifts the siege of Orleans for the Dauphin of France, enabling him to eventually be crowned at Reims |
1430 |
Capture, trial, and execution of Joan of Arc |
1434 |
The Medici family rises to prominence in Florence |
1453 |
The Hundred Years War ends. Calais is the only English possession on Continental Europe |
1455 |
Johann Gutenberg prints the first of his Bibles on his new printing press |
1455 |
The Wars of the Roses begin in England |
1461 |
1461-1483 The reign of King Edward IV ( youngest son of Edward III). Edward IV was a notorious womaniser - his affairs led to claims of illegitimacy and ultimately led to the murder of his sons - the Princes in the Tower |
1483 |
1483-1485 The reign of King Richard III (uncle of Edward V) |
1485 |
August 22nd: A Lancastrian rebellion rose against the Yorkist Richard and on he fell in the Battle of Bosworth Field to Henry Tudor. The Wars of the Roses ends and the Tudor dynasty begins 1485 - 1603 - The Tudors |
1485 |
1485 - 1509 Henry Tudor becomes King Henry VII (grandson of Henry V) |
1487 |
Lambert Simnel (1475–1525) imposter and pretender to the English throne was defeated at the battle of Stoke |
1499 |
1499 Perkin Warbeck, who claimed to be one of the Princes in the Tower (Richard) was interrogated and executed at the Tower of London |
1509 |
1509 - 1547 Reign of King Henry VIII |
1509 |
King Henry VIII marries Katherine of Aragon |
1533 |
Henry divorced his first wife, Katherine of Aragon |
1534 |
Henry VIII broke with the Church in Rome with the Act of Supremacy, which made the king head of the Church of England |
1535 |
Sir Thomas Moore and Bishop Fisher of Rochester were executed for refusing to acknowledge Henry VIII as head of the English Church |
1533 |
January 25th: Henry married Anne Boleyn |
1536 |
May 15th: Anne Boleyn tried for treason, adultery and incest and executed on Tower Hill on May 19th |
1536 |
30 May: Jane Seymour and Henry VIII but Jane dies a premature death after giving birth to Henry's son |
1540 |
Henry VIII marries Anne of Cleves but the marriage is annulled. On July 28th 49 year old Henry married 19 year old Catherine Howard |
1542 |
13th February: Catherine Howard executed for adultery |
1543 |
12th July Henry married Katherine Parr |
1547 |
1547 - 1553 King Henry VIII died and Edward V (Henry's son by Jane Seymour) becomes king |
1553 |
Edward dies of tuberculosis and he left the throne to 'the Lady Jane and her heirs male.' |
1553 |
Monday 10 July: Lady Jane Grey (Queen for just Nine Days) on 19th July 1553 Queen Jane was deposed as Queen |
1553 |
1553 - 1558 Mary (Henry's daughter by Queen Katherine of Aragon) becomes Queen. She is referred to as 'Bloody Mary' for her persecution of Protestants and political rivals |
1558 |
1558 - 1603 Elizabeth I (Henry's daughter by Anne Boleyn) |
1603 |
1603 - 1625 James I of England James VI of Scotland (great-great-grandson of Henry VII) |
1625 |
1625 - 1649 Charles I (second son of James) |
1642 |
Civil war broke out between King and parliament. |
1649 |
30th January: Charles was beheaded on a scaffold outside the Banqueting House in Whitehall, London |
1649 |
1649 - 1659 The Commonwealth under the Cromwell family |
1660 |
1660 - 1685 Charles II (oldest son of Charles) Royal House of Stuart Restored |
1685 |
1685 - 1688 James II (brother of Charles II) |
1688 |
The Catholic James was deposed and replaced by by his Protestant daughter and son-in-law, Mary II and William III, who became joint Sovereigns |
1689 |
1689 - 1694 William and Mary - William of Orange (grandson of Charles I) and Mary (daughter of James II) |
1690 |
Battle of Boyne The deposed James made one attempt to regain the crown, but his French and Irish forces were soundly defeated at the Battle of Boyne |
1694 |
1694 - 1702 William of Orange ruled alone after Mary's death |
1702 |
1702 - 1714 Anne (sister of Mary) |
1714 |
1714 - 1727 George I (great-grandson of James I) |
1727 |
1727 - 1760 George II (son of George I) |
1760 |
1760 - 1820 George III (grandson of George II) |
1820 |
1820 - 1830 George IV (son of George III) |
1830 |
1830 - 1837 William IV (brother of George IV) |
1837 |
1837 - 1901 Victoria (niece of William IV) |
1901 |
1901 - 1910 Edward VII (son of Victoria and Albert) |
1910 |
1910 - 1936 George V (second son of Edward VII) |
1914 |
1914 - 1918 The First World War |
1936 |
1936 Edward VIII (son of George V) The abdication of King Edward VIII following his affair with Wallis Simpson |
1936 |
1936 - 1952 George VI (second son of George V) |
1939 |
1939 - 1945 The Second World War |
1952 |
1952 - Present day Elizabeth II (daughter of George VI) |
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