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| | | 3100 BC | The Egyptian civilization began when King Narmer founded the first Egyptian dynasty
3100-2950: The First and second dynasties ruled Egypt and began using hieroglyphics. Hor-Aha, is considered to be the first king of the first Dynasty
Memphis, in Lower Egypt, was established as the capital of Egypt | |
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| | | 2950 BC | 2950-2575: The first Egyptian pyramid is built - the Step Pyramid at Saqqara for King Zoser (aka Djoser) who was one of the kings of the 3rd Dynasty | |
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| | | 2575 BC | 2575 -2150 BC: The Old Kingdom (the 4th-8th Dynasties) - The Great Pyramids of Egypt were built at Dahshur and Giza and revered as one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. King Unas (the last ruler of the 5th Dynasty) had the burial chamber in his pyramid inscribed with spells for the afterlife. These are referred to as the Pyramid Texts. | |
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| | | 2125 BC | 2125-1975 BC: The 9th-11th Egyptian Dynasties the 1st Intermediate Period. During this time Egypt saw a breakdown of central government | |
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| | | 1975 BC | 1975-1640 BC The 11th-14th Egyptian Dynasties the Middle Kingdom - Amenemhet is the most notable pharaoh who overthrew Mentuhotep III | |
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| | | 1630 BC | 1630 -1520 BC The 15th-17th Egyptian Dynasties the 2nd Intermediate Period
Hyksos raiders from Asia and moved into the Delta and introduced the Egyptians to the chariot
Ahmose eventually expelled the Hyksos from Egypt | |
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| | | 1400 BC | 1400s: King Thutmose III and Ancient Egypt reached the height of its power when military expeditions brought the eastern coast of the Mediterranean Sea under Egyptian rule | |
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| | | 1539 BC | 1539 -1075 BC: The 18th-20th Egyptian Dynasties New Kingdom and the building of the tombs of the Valley of Kings. The great Pharoahs included Hatshepsut (the famous female Pharoah), Akhenaten, Tutankhamun, Tuthmosis and Ramesses II.
King Akhenaten established a new religious order worshipping the sun god Aten.
During this time the Egyptians developed a permanent army
Ramesses XI was the last of the rulers of the New Kingdom. | |
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| | | 1075 BC | 1075-715 The 21st-25th Egyptian Dynasties the 3rd Intermediate Period - the Nubians conquer Egypt (late 8th century) | |
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| | | 715 BC | 715-332 The 20th-30th Egyptian Dynasties the Late Period and the Persians conquer Egypt in 525BC lead by the Persian king Cambyses II | |
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| | | 332 BC | Alexander the Great conquers Egypt. Alexander the Great occupies Egypt and his general, Ptolemy, becomes king and founds a dynasty. Greek culture was spread throughout Egypt during this dynasty. The city of Alexandria was founded and became famous for the Great Library and the great Lighthouse of Alexandria which was one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. | |
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| | | 196 BC | The Rosetta Stone is carved | |
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| | | 51 BC | 51-30 BC - Cleopatra VII reigns and became the mistress of Julius Caesar and gave birth to his son, Octavian. | |
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| | | 37 BC | 37 BC Queen Cleopatra VII of the Ptolemies marries Mark Antony | |
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| | | 31 BC | 31 BC Octavian defeated Antony and Cleopatra in the sea Battle of Actium . Both Antony and Cleopatra committed suicide | |
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| | | 30 BC | 30 BC Egypt becomes a province of the Roman Empire | |
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| | | 384 AD | Theodosius ordered the adherence to Christianity | |
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| | | 395 AD | The Roman empire split into West and East and Egypt became part of the Byzantine Empire | |
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| | | 642 AD | 642 AD The Arabs captured Alexandria and Egypt became an important part of the Islamic Empire | |
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| | | 868 | 868 - 969 The Tulunid and the Ikhshidid dynasty rule Egypt | |
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| | | 969 | Fatimid rulers seized Egypt and founded the Egyptian city Al-Qahirah (modern day Cairo) | |
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