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1071 |
Byzantine army is destroyed by Turks |
1095 |
Emperor Alexius I sent an embassy to Pope Urban II regarding the atrocities in Jerusalem and the growing threat of the Turks to Constantinople and the whole of Europe. Peter the Hermit lead ordinary people in the 'People's Crusade' - most were unarmed |
1096 |
August: Emperor Alexius I shipped the Peoples Crusade over the Bosphorus |
1097 |
May – June: Siege of Nicacea |
1099 |
First Crusade . Jerusalem is re-taken from the Muslims on the urging of Pope Urban II. The start of antagonisms between Greeks and Crusaders |
1118 |
The Knights Templar founded to protect Jerusalem and European pilgrims on their journey to the city |
1143 |
1143 to 1183: Reign of Manuel I Comnenus |
1147 |
Second Crusade led by Holy Roman Emperor Conrad III and by King Louis VII of France |
1183 |
1183 to 1185 Reign of Andronicus I Comnenus |
1185 |
1185 to 1195 Reign of Isaac II Angelus |
1190 |
Third Crusade 3rd Crusade led by Richard the Lionheart of England, Philip II of France, and Holy Roman Emperor Frederick I. Saladin manages to unite the Muslim world and recapture Jerusalem, sparking the fourth Crusade |
1191 |
Cyprus taken from Byzantines by English King Richard I |
1195 |
1195 to 1203 Reign of Alexius III |
1198 |
King Richard of England sells Cyprus to Frankish crusaders |
1200 |
Fourth Crusade and the French/Flemish advanced on Constantinople but the Christians fail to recapture Jerusalem |
1207 |
Marco Sandolo founded the Duchy of Naxos |
1212 |
The Children's Crusade led by a French peasant boy, Stephen of Cloyes |
1217 |
1217 to 1219: Reign of Empress Yolande of Constantinople |
1219 |
1219 to 1228 Reign of Robert of Constantinople |
1222 |
1222 to 1254 Reign of John III Ducas Vatatzes in Nikaia |
1212 |
The Children's Crusade led by a French peasant boy, Stephen of Cloyes |
1246 |
The Empire of Thessalonika falls |
1261 |
Reconquest of Constantinople by Michael VIII Palaiologos |
1270 |
Other minor crusades follow but the armies still fail to capture Jerusalem |
1348 |
The Black Death ravages Europe for the first of many times. An estimated one third of the population is thought to have perished within the first year |
1387 |
The Ionian Islands come under Venetian rule |
1453 |
Byzantium / Constantinople falls to the Ottoman Turks |
1538 |
Crete is attacked by the pirate Khair-ed-din Barbarossa |
1566 |
the fall of Chios and the Ottoman Turks take control of all the east Aegean islands |
1626 |
A famine on the island of Crete reduces the population by a over one fifth |
1797 |
The Ionian Islands are conquered by France |
1821 |
Greek revolution and declaration of national independence |
1832 |
The 17 year old Bavarian prince, Otto, is crowned King of Greece |
1864 |
Ionian Islands become part of independent Greece |
1878 |
British rule of Cyprus |
1912 |
King Constantine leads the Greek army against the Turks in Macedonia to victory |
1912 |
1912 - 13: The the Balkan Wars |
1913 |
Crete and the Northeastern Aegean Islands become part of independent Greece |
1914 |
28 June - Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary and his wife were assassinated in Sarajevo, Bosnia-Herzegovina provoking World War I |
1923 |
Exchange of Greek and Turkish populations (the Greco-Turkish population exchange) |
1939 |
1939-45 - World War 2 |
1945 |
August 1945 The United States dropped atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki |
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